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Docker Interview Questions

Q. What is Docker?
Consider a scenario – You have just joined a new organization as a developer. You will now have to setup the project with the assistance of a fellow developer. He suggests you follow certain steps for setting up the required environment and then start the project deployable like a WAR. You do the same, but keep getting some or other issues regarding environment configuration. May be even your fellow developer has forgot some configuration property he might have set. Well you are stuck in such a situation. This is known as Dependency Hell. Other similar scenario of this dependency hell are – The application is running on my dev machine but not in production. Dont know what issue is. There is also other scenarios like Matrix of Hell. But this is mostly related to DEVOPS people. Docker to the rescue.
Docker is a tool designed to make it easier to create, deploy, and run applications by using containers.

Q. How to deploy Spring Boot WAR to Docker?
Deploying Spring Based WAR Application to Docker


Q. What is the main advantage of containers over a virtual machine?
There are many advantages but the main advantage is that as compared to a virtual machine, containers use less resources and give a saving of around 20%.

Q. Is booting a container slow as compared to a VM?
No, container boots very fast as compared to VM because each VM has its own operating system to boot where as a container uses the host operating system and it just has to initiate container run time.

Q. Who is the original author of Docker?
Solomon Hykes is the principal developer behind Docker.

Q. What is the approximate monthly Docker image download count?
The approximate monthly Docker image download count is around 14 billion per month.

Q. Docker is written in which programming language?
Docker is written in GOLANG.

Q. Name the key components of Docker architecture?
The key components of a Docker system are Docker client, Docker host and Docker registry.

Q. Explain Docker in a single sentence.
Docker is an open source technology agnostic framework to build, transport and run any application.

Q. Explain the Docker container in simple terms.
A Docker container is a unique package of (usually micro services based) an application along with its dependencies that runs under a Docker runtime environment that sits on top of an operating system.

Q. Why is Docker gaining popularity among application developers?
Docker is very important these days because most of the applications are micro services based, with very low coupling and cohesion. Moreover, major software development has gone agile and iterative with quick scaling in and scaling out. Docker makes all these possible.

Q. Which two resources do two Docker containers running on the same system share?
Any two Docker containers running on the same system share OS kernel and binaries or libraries.

Q. Containers existed before Docker came but got major popularity afterwards. Why so?
There were three major problems with containers of pre-Docker time. Firstly, there was no standardized exchange format. Secondly, containers are pretty hard to use for developers since there was no single command to run. Last but not the least, there was no portable mechanism to reuse components such as APIs and tools.

Q. Can you explain the “ship the application” part of Docker?
A modern-day application is structured as a set of independent microservices with well-defined access points. They are converted to images along with their dependencies and shipped. Each image is a set of layers and only changes in layers are shipped (and not the entire layer). This way, we can save on disk usage, reduce network load and minimize memory usage.

Q. Can the same container be passed from a developer to a QA person?
Yes, the developer will write a Docker file for his application. Then he will build the image and push it to a private or public registry. The QA person can pull the same image and run the container.

Q. Assume you are a developer. How will you visualize a container?
I would visualize a container as a collection of the application’s source code, all supporting libraries, required configuration values and relevant data.

Q. Suppose you are a DevOps person. How will you visualize a container?
I would visualize a container as a black box on which I could run operations such as start, stop, kill etc.

Q. What is the easiest way to connect to a VM or a host from a Windows machine?
You could use putty (www.putty.org) to connect a VM/host from a Windows machine. It has a pretty simple and elegant Graphic user Interface.

Q. How does all communication happen internally in Docker?
Internally in Docker, all communication happens over well defined API.

Q. Does the docker user have root-level access?
Yes. docker user by default has root-level access to the host.

Q. Who owns the Docker control socket?
Docker control socket is owned by docker group.

Q. What is the simplest way to print “Hello World” using a docker container?
We can pull and run busybox (it runs a single process printing “hello world”)

$ docker run busybox echo hello world

Also Read: Docker Tutorial

Q. Suppose you are inside a container say container_1. You exit the container by typing exit on the command prompt. What happens to container_1?
root@container_1:/# exit

Container_1 goes to stop state and all its compute resources get freed. However, it remains on the system’s disk storage.

Q. Explain the typical lifecycle of a docker container?
There can be many combinations of stages in the life cycle of a docker container but here is one of the most common one is given below.

  • Pull or create a docker image
  • Create a container from the image
  • Run the container
  • Stop the container
  • Restart the container
  • Kill the container (if needed)
  • Prune or reclaim the resources used by the container


Q. Can an ARG variable be used by the running container?
No, an ARG variable cannot be used by the running container as it is exclusively reserved for use by dockerfile

Q. What is the best way to assign a database password to a container?
The best way to assign a database password to a container is using ENV variable.

Q. What is the best way to determine container dependency?
It is done by specifying the dependent container in the definition part of depending container. Suppose web service is dependent on auth service. So typical dockerfile would like

services:

web:

image:

restart: always

depends_on:

– auth

auth:

Q. How is a container named by default?
A container is named as project_dir_container_base_name_<number>. E.g.

nik-prometheus_01

 

Q. How does Docker view foreground and background containers?
Docker does not distinguish between foreground and background containers. For Docker all containers are the same and run in the same way.

Q. What are the 3 name spaces used for the Docker image?
There are 3 types of namespaces used for Docker image.

Root-like. E.g.
centos

User and organizations. E.g.
nikbh/cpu

Self-Hosted (Private registry)
registry.example.com:5000/nik-clint-image

Q. What are some typical examples of root namespace images?
Official images maintained by Docker Inc. use root namespace. These include small and focused images such as busybox, common operating system distribution such as ubuntu, redhat and ready to plug in components and services such as mongodb, prometheus, redis, stackstorm etc.

Q. How do you identify a self-hosted namespace image?
This type of images contains the hostname or IP address, and the port (optionally), of the registry server.

Q. Why is stateful application more suitable for Docker Container than stateless?
A stateless application is more suitable for Docker container than a stateful application because in a stateless application we can clearly separate application code (in form of image) and its configurable variables. So, we can create a separate container for development, integration and production environment. This promotes reuse and scalability.

Q. What are the different types of virtualization?
Three types of virtualizations are Paravirtualization, emulation and container-based virtualization.

Q. What is the difference between the commands ‘docker run’ and ‘docker create’?
‘docker run’ and ‘docker create’ both is used for container creation but the end result is different. ‘docker create’ creates the container in a ‘stopped’ state and it stores and output container ID for use later. ‘docker run’ creates and simultaneously execute the container.

Q. Why do we have to map ports in Docker to access web services?
We have to map ports in Docker for variety of reasons:

We are out of IPv4 addresses.
Containers cannot have public IPv4 addresses.
They have private addresses.
Services have to be exposed port by port.
Ports have to be mapped to avoid conflicts


Q. What is the difference between virtualization and containerization?
Virtualization is the process of abstracting a physical machine whereas containerization is the process of abstracting an application.

Q. In the following command, Nginx is which port on the host and which port on the container?
$ docker run -d -p 80:80 nginx

nginx is using port 80 on host and port 8000 on container.

Q. Can a container restart by itself?
Yes, a container restart by itself as per the policy set at time of run/create. The policy type can take one of the following values

Off🡪 container won’t be restarted if it stops or fails,
On-failure🡪 container restarts only when a failure that occurred is not due to the user,
Unless-stopped🡪 container restarts only when a user executes the command to stop it,
Always🡪 the container is always restarted irrespective of error or other issues.
Q. How can you list all the stopped containers?
You can see stopped containers, with the –all option with docker ps command. E.g.

$ docker ps –-all

Q. What is Container Networking Model or CNM?
It is formal container networking specification from Docker. It provides container networking with support for multiple network drivers.

Q. What are the two ways to create a new image?
We can create a new image by using commands commit and build. docker commit tells Docker daemon to save all the changes made to a container into a new layer and then create a new image by copying the container. docker build instructs the Docker daemon to create the new image by building each layer iteratively.

Q. What are the two ways to download the docker images?
There are two ways i.e. explicit and implicit. We can download image explicitly using command ‘docker pull’. Implicitly, when we execute ‘docker run’ then Docker daemon searches the image locally and if not found, it downloads the image.

Q. What do STARS signify in the output of the following command?
$ docker search prometheus

NAME DESCRIPTION STARS…

jplock/zookeeper Builds a docker image … 27

thefactory/zookeeper-exhibitor Exhibitor-managed ZooKeeper… 2

misakai/zookeeper ZooKeeper is a service … 1

ubuntu/prometheus Prometheus is a … 4

Ans. “Stars” indicate the popularity of the image.

Q. When is it advisable to use image tags?
You should use tags in the following scenarios:

When recording a procedure into a script.
When doing work for the production environment.
When you want to ensure that the same version will be used everywhere.
When you want to ensure repeatability.
Q. Can you compare Chef with Docker?
No, it would not be a fair comparison. Chef is basically a Configuration Management tool that is used by system administrators and DevOps team members to manage the application environments, web-server configuration, databases, and load balancers. On the other hand, Docker is a way to package code into independent and portable units of work known as containers. Containers are later deployed to development, QA and production environments with far greater ease and consistency.

Q. Is it correct to say those self-hosted registries are private registries?
No this statement is not correct. A self –hosted self-hosted registry can be public or private. In fact, a registry in the User namespace on Docker Hub can be either public or private.

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Docker Online Training

Best Institute for learn exert level Online  Docker Training  By Experts, Learn Docker Certification Training with Course Material, Tutorial Videos, Attend Demo for free & you will find SpiritSofts is the best institute within reasonable fee, Job Support

Spiritsofts is the best Training Institutes to expand your skills and knowledge. We Provides the best learning Environment. Obtain all the training by our expert professional which is having working experience from Top IT companies.The Training in is every thing we explained based on real time scenarios, it works which we do in companies.

Experts Training sessions will absolutely help you to get in-depth knowledge on the subject

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  • 40 hours of Instructor Training Classes    
  • Lifetime Access to Recorded Sessions  
  • Real World use cases and Scenarios 
  • 24/7 Support
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  •  Expert & Certified Trainers

Introduction to Containers and Docker

  • Background and history – virtualization, Docker, CoreOS, etc.
  • Levels of virtualization – difference between VMware style and LXC style
  • Value of an LXC wrapper
  • Intro to images and containers – Format, contents, specs
  • Runtime environment / constraints
  • Building and running containers
  • Daemon hosting model
  • Contents of running containers
  • Exploring the host
  • Managing container execution
  • File systems
  • Managing images

Expanding Beyond the Container

  • Image Repositories – Public vs Private
  • Networking – Between local containers, between machines, etc
  • Application considerations for networking and file system
  • Strategies and considerations for designing apps in this model
  • Managing volumes
  • Orchestrating multiple containers
  • Responding to topology and binary changes – automate build and deploy
  • Remote management – manage servers in deployed scenarios
  • Security considerations
  • Tools: etcd, systemd, etc

Moving to Production

  • Best practices & tools
  • Mesos, Kubernetes, Fleet
  • Load balancing, networking changes for scale, etc
Who Are The Trainers?
Our trainers have relevant experience in implementing real-time solutions on different queries related to different topics. Spiritsofts verifies their technical background and expertise.
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We record each LIVE class session you undergo through and we will share the recordings of each session/class.
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Trainer will provide the Environment/Server Access to the students and we ensure practical real-time experience and training by providing all the utilities required for the in-depth understanding of the course.
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If you are enrolled in classes and/or have paid fees, but want to cancel the registration for certain reason, it can be attained within 48 hours of initial registration. Please make a note that refunds will be processed within 30 days of prior request.
Will I Be Working On A Project?
The Training itself is Real-time Project Oriented.
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There are some Group discounts available if the participants are more than 2.
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As we are one of the leading providers of Live Instructor LED training, We have customers from USA, UK, Canada, Australia, UAE, Qatar, NZ, Singapore, Malaysia, Sydney, France, Finland, Sweden, Spain, Russia Moscow, Denmark, London, England, South Africa, Switzerland, Kenya, Philippines, Japan, Indonesia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia,  Qatar, Kuwait, Germany, Frankfurt Berlin Munich, Poland, Belarus, Belgium Brussels Netherlands Amsterdam, India and other parts of the world.

We are located in USA. Offering Online Training in Cities like New York, New jersey, Dallas, Seattle, Baltimore, Tempe, Chandler, Scottsdale, Peoria, Honolulu, Columbus, Raleigh, Nashville, Plano, Toronto, Montreal, Calgary, Edmonton, Saint John, Vancouver, Richmond, Mississauga, Saskatoon, Kingston, Kelowna, Houston, Minneapolis, Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Jose, San Diego, Washington DC, Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Edison, Jacksonville, Towson, Salt Lake City, Davidson, Murfreesboro, Atlanta, Alexandria, Sunnyvale, Santa Clara, Carlsbad, San Marcos, Franklin, Tacoma, California, Bellevue, Austin, Charlotte, Garland, Raleigh-Cary, Boston, Orlando, Fort Lauderdale, Miami, Gilbert.

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Devops Online Training

Discover the power of DevOps tools with our comprehensive Best DevOps Online Training. Gain hands-on experience and master the industry’s leading tools that enable seamless automation, collaboration, and continuous delivery in software development. Our online training program offers a structured curriculum designed to equip you with the skills needed to effectively leverage DevOps tools in real-world scenarios. From popular version control systems like Git and SVN to continuous integration and deployment tools like Jenkins and Bamboo, we cover a wide range of tools that are essential for successful DevOps implementation. Our flexible learning approach allows you to learn at your own pace, making it ideal for self-learning and busy professionals. With our self-learning resources, you can access the training materials anytime, anywhere, and tailor your learning journey to suit your schedule and needs. But we don’t stop there. We understand that applying your skills in practical situations is crucial to your success. That’s why we offer job support to help you navigate challenges and provide expert assistance when you need it the most. Our experienced professionals are available to guide you through troubleshooting, best practices, and career advice, ensuring your proficiency in using DevOps tools and boosting your confidence in real-world scenarios. By completing our Best DevOps Tools Online Training, you’ll not only acquire valuable skills but also gain a competitive edge in the job market. With industry-recognized certifications and practical projects, you’ll demonstrate your proficiency in using DevOps tools, making you a sought-after candidate for DevOps positions. Embark on your journey to becoming a DevOps expert with our Best DevOps Tools Online Training. Empower yourself with the knowledge and expertise to streamline your software development processes, enhance collaboration, and drive continuous improvement. Start your self-paced learning, leverage our job support, and unlock your potential in the world of DevOps tools today. We offer expert-level DevOps online training by professionals, with course material in PDF format, tutorial videos, and the opportunity to attend a free DevOps training demo. Our institute provides the best training within a reasonable fee in Hyderabad, USA, Canada, Bangalore, Dubai, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Australia, Denmark, Japan, Malaysia, Qatar, South Africa, Spain, London, England, France, China, Pune, Noida, Germany, UK, Mexico, Brazil, and all over the world.

Our DevOps online training provides in-depth practical knowledge of various DevOps tools, such as Git, Jenkins, Docker, Vagrant, New Relic, ELK, Ansible, Puppet, Nagios, and Kubernetes. The training also helps you gain practical knowledge in different aspects of continuous development, continuous integration, continuous testing, and continuous deployment.

Spiritsofts is the best training institute to expand your skills and knowledge, providing the best learning environment. Our expert professionals, who have working experience from top IT companies, provide all the training. We base our training on real-time scenarios and practices used in companies, so you can obtain practical knowledge that works in the real world..

Expert training sessions will absolutely help you gain in-depth knowledge of the subject.

Key FeaturesCourse ContentFAQs
  • 45 hours of Instructor Training Classes
  • Lifetime Access to Recorded Sessions
  • Real World use cases and Scenarios
  • 24/7 Support
  • Practical Approach
  • Expert & Certified Trainers

Creating Servers in AWS | Linux Basics & Administration – Week 1

As a beginner, you will understand how a server environment works and how to administer operating systems. As per standard practice used in real projects, we will be using Linux as our standard operating system to complete the course. During the first week, we will discuss creating servers in the AWS environment along with some other basics in AWS Cloud. This will be followed by Linux basics and administration topics.

Topics Covered:

  • Create an account in AWS
  • Understanding Regions and Availability Zones in AWS
  • Installing required software’s in Desktop
  • Setting up access to AWS cloud using SSH Keys
  • Create servers in EC2 Service
  • Understand Linux Command Line
  • Getting Server Information using Linux Commands
  • File and Directory management
  • Using VI/VIM Editor
  • Linux cli utilities for downloading software
  • Linux Administration Topics
  • User Management
  • Package Management
  • Service Management
  • Disk Management
  • Network Management
  • File Permissions

Installation | Creation of EC2 | RDS | Shell Scripting | Jenkins – Week 2

As a DevOps Engineer, you will collaborate with software engineering teams to deploy and operate systems, while helping to automate and streamline operations and processes. During this week, we will understand the application architectures and set up those applications practically in AWS EC2 instances manually. We will also proceed to set up our applications in an automated way using Shell Scripting. To invoke shell scripts, we will use Jenkins as an automation tool, and we will cover a few basic topics related to Jenkins.

Topics Covered:

  • Understand different components of an application
  • Understand the architecture of an application
  • Installing and Configuring Web Server, Application Server and Database Servers
  • Integration of Web, Application and Database servers to work as a stack
  • Understanding the latest generation spring boot applications versus legacy applications
  • Creation of servers in EC2 instances in and setup web and application servers
  • Creation of RDS instances in AWS for application stack
  • Setup Security Group firewalls to limit the database to be accessed by only Application Server.
  • Introduction to Shell Scripting
  • Printing messages with Shell Scripting
  • Variables and Functions in Shell Scripting
  • Getting Inputs from user in Shell Scripting
  • Conditions and Loops in Shell Scripting
  • Develop shell scripts to install all web, app and db related configs with shell scripting
  • Installation of Jenkins
  • Triggering the shell scripts on remote nodes using Jenkins

DevOps Machinery VCS Ansible GIT – Week 3

DevOps has several components that must work in unison for a team to meet its objectives. A key element that serves as the center of the DevOps “machinery” is configuration management. During this week, we will enhance our automation with the configuration management tool, Ansible. We will configure and set up WEB, APP, and DB components on servers, discussing Ansible in greater depth along with integration of the source code management tool GIT. We will also track all changes made to the code.

Topics Covered:

  • Introduction to VCS
  • Difference between CVCS(SVN) and DVCS(GIT)
  • Architecture of GIT
  • Using existing GIT Repositories
  • Installing GitLab Server and Create Users and delegate Repositories
  • Installation of Ansible and Configuring Ansible.
  • Ansible Inventory file
  • YAML syntax for Ansible Playbooks
  • Understanding Playbooks, Plays, Task and Modules
  • Different ways of defining variables with Ansible
  • Conditions and Loops in Ansible
  • How TAGS are used in Ansible
  • Setup Application using Ansible and update code in Git Repositories
  • Run the ansible playbooks with Jenkins for automation
  • Ansible Vault
  • Roles in Ansible
  • Ansible pull and Galaxy

Elastic Beanstalk IAM ELK Cloud Watch – Week 4

As companies seek to improve their application development processes by transitioning from waterfall to DevOps, they also recognize that DevOps alone cannot save them. The delay in making capital purchases of hardware and software slows the development process, even if it’s made agile. Developers end up waiting for capital resources to be put in place before the applications can be deployed. Thus, DevOps won’t have much value without the cloud, and the cloud won’t have much value without DevOps. The centralized nature of cloud computing provides DevOps automation with a standard and centralized platform for testing, deployment, and production. During this week, we will set up our project with multiple environments and use Elastic Beanstalk service to replicate the same thing in the AWS Cloud. We will also discuss restricting users to use particular services in AWS using IAM and managing servers with AWS Systems Manager, which is an alternative to Ansible in the cloud. Additionally, we will talk about basic monitoring and log monitoring using ELK.

Topics Covered:

  • Understand the importance of multiple environments for an application
  • Setup multiple environment application
  • Use ansible to configure and customize these environments in an automated way
  • Use Jenkins to deploy the new application based on environments
  • Introduction to AWS Elastic Beanstalk Service
  • Setup DEV and PROD environments in Elastic Beanstalk
  • Introduction to IAM
  • IAM Users and Groups
  • IAM Roles and Policies
  • Making Custom Roles and Policies
  • Introduction to AWS Systems Manager
  • Deploy the application with AWS Systems Manager
  • Use AWS Systems Manager as Configuration Management tool
  • Setup monitoring using NewRelic
  • Setup Log Monitoring using ELK, Using Elasticsearch service from AWS
  • Introduction to Cloud Watch
  • Monitor Performance with CloudWatch of your instances
  • Using CloudWatch as an alternative to log monitoring

CI/CD Maven and Gradle Python SonarQube GitLab tool Jenkins – Week 5

Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) are critical components of successful DevOps practices. To establish and optimize the CI/CD development model and reap the benefits, companies need to build an effective pipeline that automates their build, integration, and testing processes. At a high level, the pipeline includes compiling, packaging, and running basic tests before a code base merge. After the code is in the main branch of the version control software, additional tests are run to ensure the apps work with real configuration and services. Performance and security tests are also conducted. From there, code is deployed to staging and then to production.

In this week, we will cover the tools that help to establish and optimize the CI/CD pipeline for successful DevOps. We will discuss GIT branching strategies, build tools like Maven and Gradle, functional testing using Selenium and Python code, Code Quality testing using SonarQube, Nexus artifact manager, and GitLab tool. The main focus will be on using Jenkins Pipeline code and Seed Jobs in Jenkins for complete automation to deliver code to production in a smooth manner.

Topics Covered:

  • Understanding CICD
  • Best Practices of CICD
  • Understanding different jobs in Jenkins
  • Introduction to Jenkins Pipelines and Groovy
  • Doing Jenkins automation with Seed Jobs
  • Understanding GIT branching strategy
  • Introduction to Maven Projects
  • Understanding different Maven life cycle phases and customize them as per requirements
  • Introduction to Gradle Projects and understand how to build binaries with Gradle
  • Introduction Code Quality Analysis using SonarQube
  • Setup SonarQube and test the development code and publish reports
  • Using Selenium code for UI testing
  • Writing Python scripts for API testing
  • Introduction to Artifact Managers
  • Setup Nexus and understand different types of repositories
  • Creating repositories and limiting access to particular users to upload and download artifacts
  • Setup Jenkins pipeline to include all the tools and ensure build happens automatically
  • Introduction to Multibranch Pipelines
  • Setup automated pipelines using Multibranch
  • Deep Dive into Jenkins and all management options

Devops CI/CD Techniques | Simple Storage Server (S3) – Week 6

Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) techniques promote collaboration, increase agility, and expedite high-quality product delivery. Cloud technologies have made integrating a CI/CD pipeline easier than ever before. DevOps automation is increasingly becoming cloud-centric, with most public and private cloud computing providers offering systemic support for DevOps, including continuous integration and continuous development tools. This integration significantly reduces the costs associated with on-premises DevOps automation technology and offers centralized governance and control for a sound DevOps process. Many developers find that governance keeps them out of trouble, and it’s easier to control centrally via the cloud than attempting to bring departments under control. In the previous week, we discussed pipeline setups using different tools, and in this week, we will replace them with AWS services. Specifically, we will use S3 buckets as an artifact repository, Code Commit as our GIT repository, CodeBuild instead of Jenkins Builds, Code Deploy instead of Ansible, and Code Pipeline instead of Jenkins Pipelines.

Topics Covered:

  • Introduction to Simple Storage Server (S3)
  • Creating buckets using Console
  • Uploading and downloading data to S3
  • Building static websites using S3
  • Enable version control on S3
  • Getting Started with Code Commit
  • Working with Repositories
  • Working with Commits
  • Working with Branches
  • Migrate to AWS CodeCommit
  • Authentication and Access Control
  • Getting Started with CodeBuild
  • Run AWS CodeBuild Directly
  • Use AWS CodePipeline with AWS CodeBuild
  • Use AWS CodeBuild with Jenkins
  • Working with Build Projects and Builds
  • Getting started with CodeDeploy
  • Application Specification Files
  • Working with the AWS CodeDeploy Agent
    DevOps Training
  • Working with Instances
  • Working with Deployment Configurations
  • Working with Deployment Groups
  • Working with Deployments
  • AppSpec File Reference
  • Concepts of CodePipeline
  • Working with Pipelines
  • Working with Actions
  • Working with Stage Transitions
  • Monitoring Pipelines

Docker Jenkins Kubernetes – Week 7

Nowadays, it is crucial to release software quickly, which requires an automated CI/CD pipeline to take code from text to binaries and deploy it. Implementing an automated pipeline has been challenging in the past, especially with legacy applications. Docker and Kubernetes solve this problem. Kubernetes has revolutionized the way we deploy and manage containerized applications. Using Helm with Kubernetes simplifies application deployment. Kubernetes is a modern DevOps tool, and the infrastructure side requires a declarative approach. DevOps tools have reduced deployment times from days to hours, and Kubernetes can bring them down to minutes. This week, we will discuss containerization technologies and the basics of Docker. Then, we will delve into Kubernetes in detail and complete all CI/CD setups with Jenkins Kubernetes integrations.

Topics Covered:

  • What is Virtualization?
  • What is Containerization?
  • Virtualization vs Containerization
  • Introduction to Docker
  • Running Docker Containers
  • Making Docker Images with Dockerfile and push them to Docker Registry
  • Launching AWS Elastic Kubernetes Service for practice
  • Get cluster details
  • List all nodes associated with the cluster
  • Stopping a cluster
  • Deleting a cluster
  • Installing & Accessing the Kubernetes dashboard
  • Deploy a containerized app image in the locally setup kubernetes cluster
  • List all local deployments
  • Create a kubectl proxy for forwarding communication to cluster-wide private network
  • Curl to verify that the app is running
  • List all existing pods
  • Get description of a specific pod
  • View logs of the container
  • Execute commands directly on the container
  • Create a ephemeral volume in EBS.
  • Configure Pod to store data in EBS Volumes.- Create a new service
  • Add ha-proxy to configuration file as proxy to expose the application
  • Expose the service outside the cluster using ha-proxy
  • List all services
  • Get more details of a particular service
  • Get more information about a label
  • Use labels to query required pods
  • Create a new label to the pod
  • Scale up the above deployment to 4 replicas
  • Scale down the above deployment to 2 replicas
  • Update the image of the application in deployments
  • Check the rollout status in deployments
  • Rollback an update in deployments
  • Delete the service created
  • Helm charts and their need in Kubernetes
  • Deploy an application with helm charts

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) Terraform – Week 8

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) refers to the management of infrastructure (such as networks, virtual machines, load balancers, and connection topology) using a descriptive model that utilizes the same versioning as the DevOps team’s source code. Similar to how the same source code generates the same binary, an IaC model generates the same environment every time it is applied. IaC is a crucial DevOps practice and is utilized in conjunction with continuous delivery. Tools such as Terraform, AWS CloudFormation, Azure Resource Manager Templates, Google Cloud Deployment Manager Templates, and OpenStack Heat provide an excellent way to define server infrastructure for deploying software. The configuration to provision, modify, and rebuild an environment is captured in a way that is transparent, repeatable, and testable, giving us the confidence to tweak, change, and refactor our infrastructure easily and comfortably. In this week, we will provision all AWS services using Terraform and integrate IAC into our CICD process. We will also deliver the release in blue-green deployments without any outage to the end customer.

Topics Covered:

  • Introduction to IaC
  • Introduction to Terraform
  • Terraform Installation
  • Configuring terraform with AWS
  • Create an EC2 instance with Terraform
  • Variables in Terraform
  • Output Attributes in Terraform
  • State file
  • Importance of Remote State file
  • Data Sources
  • Templates
  • Modules in Terraform
  • Best Practices of Module creation in Terraform
  • Create all the resources with Terraform and launch complete infrastructure with Terraform
  • Services: EC2, ALB, VPC, RDS, IAM , Beanstalk, S3, CloudWatch
  • Introduction to Interpolation
  • Conditionals
  • Built-In Functions
  • Best Practices of Terraform
  • Include terraform CICD

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The Training itself is Real-time Project Oriented.
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